Almost every owner who contacts us opens with a label. My dog is aggressive. My dog is anxious. My dog is stubborn. Labels feel like explanations, but they are really just summaries of what you have seen, and they rarely tell you what to do on Tuesday morning when it happens again.
More useful questions are these. What exactly does the dog do? Where and when does it happen, and how close is the trigger? What happens immediately before, and immediately after? What does the dog seem to be trying to achieve, and is it working for them? Behaviour that keeps happening is being reinforced by something, even when that something is simply making a frightening thing go away.
Once you can describe the pattern rather than the label, the plan usually becomes obvious. A dog that lunges at other dogs at ten metres but copes at thirty metres has given you your starting distance. A puppy that toilets indoors twenty minutes after coming in from the garden has given you your timing. A dog that only destroys things when left alone has told you the problem is the absence, not the furniture.
The advice below is organised by the situations Glasgow owners contact us about most. It is genuinely useful on its own, and it is not a substitute for having someone watch your particular dog. Behaviour cases involving bites, real fear or anything that has been going on for months deserve an assessment rather than a guess.